龍門吊租賃
2019年起重機(jī)及相關(guān)設(shè)備報(bào)價(jià)?
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門座型式起重機(jī)
門座起重機(jī)橋架通過兩側(cè)支腿支承在地面軌道或地基上的橋架型起重機(jī)。具有沿地面軌道運(yùn)行,下方可通過鐵路車輛或其他地面車輛??赊D(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的起重裝置裝在門形座架上的一種臂架型起重機(jī)。門形座架的4條腿構(gòu)成4個(gè)"門洞",可供鐵路車輛和其他車輛通過。門座起重機(jī)大多沿地面或建筑物上的起重機(jī)軌道運(yùn)行,進(jìn)行起重裝卸作業(yè)。門座呈""字形的起重機(jī)稱半門座起重機(jī),其運(yùn)行軌道的一側(cè)設(shè)在地面上,另一側(cè)設(shè)在高于地面的建筑物上。
簡史
門座起重機(jī)是隨著港口事業(yè)的發(fā)展而發(fā)展起來的1890年,第一次將幅度不可變的固定式可旋轉(zhuǎn)臂架型起重機(jī)裝在橫跨于窄碼頭上方的運(yùn)行式半門座上,成為早期的港用半門座起重機(jī)隨著碼頭寬度的加大,門座和半門座起重機(jī)并列發(fā)展,并普遍采用俯仰臂架和水平變幅系統(tǒng)。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)后,港用門座起重機(jī)迅速發(fā)展為便于多臺(tái)起重機(jī)對(duì)同一條船進(jìn)行并列工作,普遍采用了轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)部分與立柱體相連的轉(zhuǎn)柱式門座起重機(jī)(圖1[轉(zhuǎn)柱式門座起重機(jī)]),或轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)部分通過大軸承與門座相連的滾動(dòng)軸承式支承回轉(zhuǎn)裝置,以減小轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)部分的尾徑,并采用了減小碼頭掩蓋面(門座主體對(duì)地面的投影)的門座結(jié)構(gòu)。在發(fā)展過程中,門座起重機(jī)還逐步推廣應(yīng)用到作業(yè)條件與港口相近的船臺(tái)和水電站工地等處。
分類
按用途可分為3類:①裝卸用門座起重機(jī):主要用于港口和露天堆料場,用抓斗或吊鉤裝卸。起重量一般不超過25噸,不隨幅度變化。工作速度較高,故生產(chǎn)率常是重要指標(biāo)。②造船用門座起重機(jī):主要用于船臺(tái)、浮船塢和艤裝現(xiàn)場,進(jìn)行船體拼接、設(shè)備艤裝等吊裝工作,用吊鉤作為吊具。最大起重量達(dá)300噸,幅度大時(shí)起重量相應(yīng)減小。有多檔起升速度,吊重輕時(shí)可提高起升速度。有些工作機(jī)構(gòu)還備有微動(dòng)裝置,以滿足安裝要求。門座高度大者,可適應(yīng)大起升高度和大幅度作業(yè)的要求,但工作速度較低,作業(yè)生產(chǎn)率不高。③建筑安裝用門座起重機(jī):主要用在水電站進(jìn)行大壩澆灌、設(shè)備和預(yù)制件吊裝等,一般用吊鉤。起重量和工作速度一般介于前兩類起重機(jī)之間。它具有整機(jī)裝拆運(yùn)輸性好、吊具下放深度大、能較好地適應(yīng)臨時(shí)性工作和棧橋上工作等的特點(diǎn)。
組成
門座起重機(jī)有起升、回轉(zhuǎn)、變幅和運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu),前3種機(jī)構(gòu)裝在轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)部分上,每一周期內(nèi)都參加作業(yè)。轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)部分上還裝有可俯仰的傾斜單臂架或組合臂架及司機(jī)室。運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)裝在門座下部,用以調(diào)整起重機(jī)的工作位置帶斗門座起重機(jī)(圖2 [帶斗門座起重機(jī)])還裝有伸縮漏斗、帶式輸送機(jī)等附加設(shè)備,以提高門座起重機(jī)用抓斗裝卸散狀物料時(shí)的生產(chǎn)率。除電氣保護(hù)裝置外,還裝有起重量或起重力矩限制器、起重機(jī)夾軌器等安全裝置。
系統(tǒng)
門座起重機(jī)大多采用水平變幅系統(tǒng)。①重物和臂架系統(tǒng)各自的重心在變幅過程中幾乎無垂直位移。其方法之一是靠增設(shè)活動(dòng)平衡重來平衡臂架系統(tǒng)俯仰時(shí)的合成重心的升降變化這種方法布置較方便,工作也較可靠,應(yīng)用廣泛。方法之二是靠臂架系統(tǒng)的機(jī)構(gòu)特性來保證變幅時(shí)合成重心的移動(dòng)軌跡接近水平線,無活動(dòng)平衡重。②所吊重物在變幅過程中沿著近于水平線的軌跡移動(dòng),可采用補(bǔ)償法和組合臂架法。補(bǔ)償法是通過特種儲(chǔ)繩系統(tǒng)在變幅過程中自動(dòng)收放相應(yīng)起升繩,以補(bǔ)償臂架升降造成的吊具垂直位移。組合臂架法是依靠組合臂架的機(jī)構(gòu)特性保證臂端在變幅過程中接近水平移動(dòng)。兩種方法都得到廣泛應(yīng)用。
Gate type crane gate crane bridge on both sides by supporting leg on the ground track or foundation of bridge type crane.Orbits along the ground, below but by rail vehicles or other ground vehicles.Rotating lifting device is installed on the door form mounts a boom type of crane.Portal of mount 4 legs 4 "the gate", for rail cars and other vehicles pass.Mostly along the floor or building a door crane orbit, crane loading and unloading operations.Portal is "" glyph of half door crane, crane said one side of its orbit in the ground, on the other side is located in the top of a building above the ground.
Classification
It can be divided into three categories by appllication: (1) : a cargo door crane is mainly used for the port and the stocking yard in the open air, grab or hook load and unload.Lifting weight is generally not more than 25 tons, not changing with amplitude.Working speed is higher, so the productivity is often important index.(2) ship gate crane: mainly used in building berth, dock and fitting-out scene, carries on the hull splicing, equipment fitting-out, such as lifting work, with hook as a spreader.Maximum weight of 300 tons, at the time of the large range of weight reduced accordingly.How file hoisting speed, hoisting light lifting speed can be improved.Some work institutions also have micro devices, in order to meet the installation requirements.Door head high, can adapt to the requirement of large hoisting height and large assignments, but the work speed is low, work productivity is not high.(3) building installation with door crane: mainly used in hydropower station dam water, lifting equipment and fabrication, generally with the hook.Lifting weight and speed of work general interfaces between the former two types of crane.It has a good transport installation, hook down deep, can well adapt to the characteristics of temporary work and work on pier.
composition
Door crane hoisting, slewing, luffing and run institutions, three kinds of institutions on the rotating part, before every week period to participate in the work.The rotating part is also equipped with longitudinal tilting one-armed or combination of arm and the driver room.Line agencies, installed at the lower part of the door, in order to adjust the working position of crane with doumen crane (figure 2 [with doumen crane]) also equipped with a telescopic funnel, additional equipment such as belt conveyor, in order to improve the door crane grab when loading and unloading material productivity.In addition to electrical protection device, equipped with lifting weight or crane moment limiter, crane rail safety device.
system
Door crane is mostly adopt level luffing system.(1) the weight and their center of gravity in the process of the luffing boom system almost no vertical displacement.One of these methods is to rely on additional activities balance weight to balance the luffing boom system changes in the synthesis of center of gravity when it's convenient to make this approach to decorate, work more reliable, also widely used.Another approach is to rely on institutional characteristics of the boom system to ensure that the synthesis of center of gravity when the luffing movement closer to the horizon, no activities balance weight.(2) the lifting weights in luffing process along close to the trajectory of horizontal movement, can adopt compensation method and combination method of boom.Compensation method is automatically by the speci


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